Scientific revolution is a term proposed by Thomas Kuhn in a paper published in 1970 "The Structure of Scientific Revolution". In this book discusses the role of the paradigm, to explain the development of science noncumulative, the revolutionary, like the theory of Newton's Optics, which teaches that the light is very fine particles. Transformations of this paradigm is revolutionary
science of optics, and the successive transition from one paradigm to another via revolution paradigm is the usual pattern of development for the science that has been mature.
Kuhn criticized the approach of Karl Popper on the philosophy of science, Kuhn assumes that Popper overturn reality by first describing the occurrence of an empirical science through the hypotheses, followed by efforts to falsification. According to Kuhn the development of science should be studied in the history of science. Karl Popper actually put the history of science as an example to justify his theory.
Popper's opinion contradicted by the history of science Kuhn by posing as a starting point for any investigation. The occurrence of fundamental changes in the history of science just does not ever happen based on empirical attempts to prove one theory or system, but through scientific revolutions. In short, Kuhn argues first of all scientific progress is not advanced cumulatively revolutionary.
Popular terms is attached with Kuhn paradigm. The term itself is not described by Kuhn steadily so that in a number of explanations often change the context and meaning. Paradigm itself appears related to the study of normal science. Kuhn believes normal science is an accepted scientific practice real public, either covering theorem, theory, application, and instrumentation. Normal science presents models that bear certain traditions of scientific research. In other words, normal science is a frame of reference that underlie a number of theories and scientific practices within a certain period.
Paradigm guiding scientific activities during normal science, where scientists the opportunity to develop a detailed and in-depth investigation. In this stage of scientists not being critical of the paradigms that guide scientific activity. However, during the running of research scientists can meet the various phenomena that are not completely the same. This is called anomaly. If the anomaly is increasingly accumulate, it can cause a crisis.
In the paradigm crisis began to be questioned by scientists and start getting out of normal science. To overcome the crisis, scientists can go back to the scientific methods of the old while expanding in ways that rival paradigms or develop something that could solve the problem and guide the subsequent research. If the latter option is the case, it gives birth to scientific revolution.
Reference: Kuhn, Thomas S. 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
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