The amount of understanding and meaning in terms of the model at the present, it becomes a requirement to parse and sharpen that term, in the academic world the term is already commonly, but when it gives a sense of understanding about the model, there are still many "confused". Writing is not like to limit the narrow repertoire of understanding, but in order to provide a more intelligent insight. There are at least four important reasons for studying the term of model:

1. The term of model is better known in the context of naming or labeling, but weak in a more comprehensive meaning of that term;
2. Rarely do books and scientific papers that discuss and analyze on how theories, approaches and models are constructed;
3. To sharpen and give enlightenment and enrichment of scientific symbols.
4. To be able to construct a model from the theory.

Because the term of model is a series construction process in scientific work. To be able to find the notion of model, more precisely know the other terms are close together and often juxtaposed with the term model, like the theory, concepts, propositions, approaches, or in the context of such 'theories and models "," approach and model ", so it can provide a more sensible terminology of the term.

Philips & Reynolds (1971) suggests that to realize a variety of scientific activities, there are four main components in scientific language: (1) concept, (2) propositions, (3) theory (model), (4) paradigm. Understanding of some scientific terms, described by John JOI Ihalauw (2010: 16) as follows:

1. Concept or often referred to as constructs, latent variables or unobserved variables, is a symbol that is used to interpret the phenomenon. The concept of angle a theoretical construct is the basic elements forming the theory (model);
2. Propositions is the relation between two concepts, thus true statement of a phenomenon;
3. Theory or model is a system of propositions or interrelatedness propositions. Viewed from the side of its formation, there is no difference between the models and theories.
4. Paradigm is a set of assumptions implicit or explicit about the phenomenon and is the basis of scientific ideas.

See from the sense described above, to temporarily visible presence of vagueness to distinguish between the theories and models. But one common similarity is obvious that a scientific term or language used in scientific activities. Whereas a common understanding, the understanding of both terms are different, made a substitution of one of them, for example, the model is a substitution of the model. So the theory is more seen as a higher abstraction of the model, and viewed a model of the operationalization of a theory.

Concretely, in this case, for example we heard about behavior theory or constructivism, then heard several other terms that are often juxtaposed from both languages, although in this case not later be interpreted as causal (cause-effect), eg, cooperative learning model, ekspository learning models, lectures, etc.. Then it can be taken from the understanding that the theory gave birth linkage models, and to know that the model is the result of a theory A, then viewed from the spirit of the theory that conceived of the model. An example is the cooperative learning model is the operationalization of the theory of constructivism, as viewed from the spirit contained by the model that the acquisition of knowledge and learning activities in the wake of the student's own self through social interaction with peers.

Between theory and model are explained by John JOI Ihalauw (2010: 109), different from the theory and model when viewed from the level of abstraction or informative value it contains, a model formed by linking the level of low propositions, while the theory was formed by propositions with a higher level.

In the Wikipedia, theory is explained as a construct to explain, predictive, and master of the phenomenon. From this construction then form a formal system of reality that is called a model. So the model is a formal system that is applicable resulting from a theory. Similar statements by James Jaccard, Jacob Jacoby (2010: 28) "That models are derived from theories ... That models are simplified versions of theories" so that the model derived from the theory, as well as a model of a simplified version of a theory. Clearly, too, that there is a very close relationship between them.

This understanding provides a line of distinction between theories and models, and to draw meaning from the term model itself. Although the scientific work that the models have in common with the theory of nature, seen as the operationalization of which can be tested empirically.
When drawn a characteristic of the model, after reading the reviews above, at least there are some characters that can be termed as a model;

1. Model as a form of formal operationalization system of the theory.
2. As theory, the model can not be separated from the scientific work that tested empirically or through research activities.
3. Embodiment of the model must have a common trait with the theory that was followed, because the model referred to as the substitution of the theory.


Reference:

Altan Loker (2007) Theory Construction and Testing in Physics and Psychology, USA: Trafford

James Jaccard,Jacob Jacoby (2010) Theory Construction and Model-building Skills, USA: Trafford

John J.O.I Ihalauw, Prof, (2010) Konstruksi Teori Komponen dan Proses, Jakarta: Grasindo.

Altan Loker (2007) Theory Construction and Testing in Physics and Psychology, USA: Trafford

< Prev		Next >