Reading buddies
Pairs composed of two students or a student and adult are established for reading experiences. The buddies meet daily or on a regular basis to read together. They take turn reading from the same book or read from different book. Cross-age buddies can also be formed whereby students from a higher grade have a buddy in kindergarten or the primary grades. The older buddy listen

to the younger child read and reads books selected by the younger buddy. Writing activities can also be conducted. The younger child can dictate a story the older buddy or receive help in writing a story. Same-age buddies can collaborate on a writing activity.

Read-along tapes
Tapes of familiar books are recorded. The child plays the tape as the book is read and reads along with the tape. The activity can be repeated many times until the student has mastered the story. Basal reader stories can be recorded. Many read-along tapes are also available from commercial resources.

Sustained silent reading
A time is provided for all children to read on their own. Regardless or individual reading levels, all student participate. The book is usually self-selected, and the following guidelines are recommended:
1.    Begin with the whole class.
2.    Each child selects one book.
3.    Each child must read silently.
4.    the read silently.
5.    A timer is used.
6.    There are absolutely no reports or records of any kind.

Poem picture books
Poem picture books can be used in a manner similar to picture storybooks in the classroom. After they have been introduced and repeated with the children several times, poem picture books can, for example, be used as read-along source; the poem can be chanted, accompanied by rhythm sticks or drums, or they can be illustrated. Children can make up similar poetry following the pattern of a poem and write their own poems.

Creating Nonsense words
Provide the child with a selection of vowels and consonants. Ask the child to create non sense words. Have the child “create” an animal or object to match the nonsense word.

Substitute words
Select a word that is familiar to the children, such as walk. Ask the children to generate substitute words for the key words. Example include run, jump, tiptoe, and creep. Us walk in a sentence. Substitute the word lists in the sentence and have children read the sentence.

Word games
Use a secret code by substituting numerals for letters in a message. Give the children the numeral code and have them “decode” the message. Another game use palindromes students can think of.

Oral reading to share information
Children can read together to share information. The following activities are suggested (Fields & Spangler, 2000, p.256):
1.    Children can read the lunch menu, daily bulletin, and newspaper items.
2.    Children can confirm an answer by reading it from a book.
3.    One child (a good reader) can read out loud while others listen with their textbooks closed.
4.    Children can read passages from reference book or trade books.

Reference:

Wortham Sue (2006)  Early childhood curriculum: Developmental Bases for Learning And Teaching, Pearson: USA p.342-343

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